Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 18، number In Volume 3، June 2025 ، issue Number 109

Introducing the manuscript of Haqiq al-Haqayq al-Shahiya by Haj Mohammad Ali Shirvani

Nasim Pazaj , Masoud Foruzandeh (Author in Charge), Ebrahim Irajpour

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this article, the introduction of Haj Mohammad Ali Shirvani and her most important work, the book "Haqiqah-ul-Haqayq", are discussed, and the topics related to the stylistics of the work are discussed on both linguistic and literary levels.

METHODOLOGY: This article introduces the author and her mystical work "Haqiqa-ul-Haqaiq" and its stylistic features in a descriptive-analytical way.

FINDINGS: Mysticism and Sufism have always had a special place in Iranian culture. Its link with Persian literature is also an inseparable link. So that in all periods, Persian poetry and prose have been the main subject of the works of poets and writers. In the Qajar era, it is one of the most prominent topics that appear in literary works. Among these works, we can refer to the book Haqiqah al-Haqayq by Haj Muhammad Ali Shirvani, a writer, mystic and traveler of the 13th century (A.H.).This book is a text in the prose of Masjee about the complaints of animals against the cruelty of humans and their lawsuits in the presence of Malik Dadbakhsh, during which social issues and deep mystical issues are raised. The author has used many poets and writers, especially Jami and Molavi, to explain her mystical views. The reflection of the Arabic language, especially the use of the language of the Qur"an, in the work is remarkable. The use of more than a thousand verses from the Holy Qur"an in accordance with the issues raised shows the author"s mastery of the verses of theHolyQur"an. This book is one of the few works in which humans and animals play the main roles side by side, and in no part of the text can one say which role is more colorful. In this article, we try to introduce the work and its existing versions and talk about the author"s biography, which is less discussed in the books of the Qajar period and after.

CONCLUSION: Haqiqah al-Haqayq is a mystical work that Haj Muhammad Ali wrote in the style of prose writing in the Qajar period, i.e. artificial and mutakalfi proses that were created in imitation of past texts. This book has been influenced by the previous texts both in terms of the subject and the writing style. And it has influenced the texts after it.Despite the story in the book and the presence of animals as the main characters of the story, it cannot be classified as an allegorical and fable literature.

Keyword
Hajj Muhammad Ali Shirwani , Haqiqah al-Haqayq , mysticism , Arabic language , Letters of Akhwan al-Safa

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